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1993-05-03
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PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109. TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011
JUNE 7, 1991
A team of radar astronomers who have been observing
asteroids from the giant Arecibo radar/radio telescope have
identified a near-Earth metal asteroid for the first time, the
researchers reported today in Science magazine.
Orbiting from just beyond Earth to just inside Jupiter's
orbit and back every 4.7 years, the 2-kilometer- (1.6-mile-) wide
object called 1986 DA shows a radar brightness "far greater than
any of the five dozen asteroids we have observed before or
since," according to Dr. Steven Ostro of the NASA's Jet
Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), leader of the team. "This supports
the hypothesis that it is a large lump of iron, nickel, and other
metals."
Although they observed the asteroid in 1986 soon after its
discovery, the scientists needed almost 5 years to analyze the
data and "build up a statistical population of observed
asteroids," Dr. Ostro said. Only then was it clear that the
asteroid's albedo, or reflected brightness, is extremely high,
leading to the conclusion about its composition.
Earth-approaching asteroids, like this one, and Earth-
crossing asteroids, whose orbits pass within Earth's orbit, are
believed to have come originally from the main Asteroid Belt
between Mars and Jupiter. So are meteorites, the stony ormetallic fragments that survive after entering Earth's
atmosphere. Using color or spectral differences obtained with
optical astronomy, scientists have tentatively classified
asteroids according to the compositions observed first-hand in
meteorites. The asteroid 1986 DA is the first, however, for
which clear and emphatic radar confirmation of a metallic
composition has occurred.
This asteroid is also remarkable in its shape. Analysis of
the radar echoes reveals an extremely lumpy body, possibly even
multi-lobed like 1989 PB, observed and imaged by Ostro and
colleagues almost two years ago.
These results may shed light on the early history of the
solar system. 1986 DA may be a relic of a larger body which came
together, melted, separated into layers of heavy metal and light
rock, cooled, and then was smashed into fragments in a
catastrophic collision with another large asteroid.
The new radar results also offer the prospect of a valuable
mineral resource for eventual space colonists. Although
meteoritic metal is mostly iron with about 8 percent nickel, it
also contains 10 parts-per-million (one thousandth of one
percent) of platinum-group metals and gold; that would be about
100,000 tons in a body the size of 1986 DA.
The scientific team includes Dr. Donald Campbell and Alice
Hine of the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, Cornell
University, which operates the Arecibo Observatory for the
National Science Foundation; Dr. John Chandler and Dr. Irwin
Shapiro of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Dr.
Scott Hudson of Washington University and Keith Rosema of the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory.
This work is part of the Planetary Astronomy Program of
NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications, with additional
support by the National Science Foundation.
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6/7/91 jhw
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